Systems of Linear Equations: Simple Systems of Linear Equations
The notion of system of equations
A number of notions introduced in Linear equations with a single unknown will be extended to systems of equations.
With a system of equations we mean one or more equations with one or more unknowns.
A solution to the system of equations is a list of values of the unknowns that, when entered in each equation of the system, makes all equalities true.
To solve a system of equations is to determine all solutions. The result is called the solution.
Generally speaking, we order the unknowns and write solutions as lists with values of the unknowns in the predefined order.
Two systems of equations are called equivalent if they have the same solution.
A typical example is the system \[\lineqs{6 x^2- y^2 &=& 14 \cr 2 x^2 + 3y^2 &=& 18 \cr}\] with unknowns #x# and #y#, that can also be written as \[{6\cdot x^2- y^2 = 14 \quad \land\quad 2 x^2 + 3 y^2 = 18 }\].
In the input field of exercises, this system is entered as \[\left[6x^2-y^2 = 14, 2x^2+3y^2 = 18\right]\] .
If the order of the unknowns is defined as #[x,y]#, then the list #\left[\sqrt{3},2\right]# is a solution. To see that this is a solution, we enter #x=\sqrt{3}# and #y=2# in the equations:\[\lineqs{6\cdot 3- 4 &=& 14 \cr 2\cdot 3 + 3\cdot 4 &=& 18 \cr}\]
These equalities are true, hence #[x,y]=\left[\sqrt{3},2\right]# is a solution. To solve this system, is to find all solutions. In thise case, these are, next to the found solution: #\left[\sqrt{3},-2\right]#, #\left[-\sqrt{3},2\right]# en #\left[-\sqrt{3},-2\right]#.
The definition of equivalent coincides, in case the system consists of a single equation with one unknown, with the definition in the chapter Linear equations with one unknowns.
After all, substitution of the right hand side of the second equation by #p# in the first equation gives
\[ y=4-5\cdot \left(-4\cdot \sqrt{x}-1\right)^2 \tiny.\]
Expanding of the right hand side then gives #y=-80\cdot x-40\cdot \sqrt{x}-1#.
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